Exemplar
A known authentic sample of a person's signature used for comparison.
An exemplar is a known authentic example of a person's signature that authenticators use as a reference point when examining submitted autographs. Exemplar databases are the foundation of the authentication process.
Authentication companies like PSA, JSA, and Beckett maintain extensive exemplar databases containing thousands of verified signatures. These exemplars are sourced from witnessed signings, historical documents, and other verified contexts.
When examining a submitted autograph, authenticators compare it against multiple exemplars from the same time period. Signatures naturally evolve over a person's lifetime, so exemplars from the correct era are essential for accurate authentication.
Collectors can build their own exemplar knowledge by studying authenticated examples on auction sites, authentication company databases, and reference books. This personal knowledge helps you spot obvious fakes before submitting items for professional authentication.
Keep in mind that a single exemplar is never sufficient for authentication. Experts compare submitted signatures against numerous exemplars to account for natural variation in a person's handwriting.
101 Pre-Screen is an AI-assisted opinion, not authentication or an appraisal.